The mushroom

 

The mushroom

•      Mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source.

•      Mushrooms are used as Food source.

•       Mushrooms belong to the Kingdom of Fungi.

•    10,000 known types of mushrooms are identified. It included edible/medicinal and poisonous species.

•  Originally, the word “mushroom” was used for the edible members of macrofungi and “toadstools” for poisonous ones of the “gill” macrofungi.

•     Mushrooms are belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota- “ascos” (ascospores)- small Cup shape

•   Mushrooms belong to the kingdom of Fungi, a group very distinct from plants, animals and bacteria.

•    Fungi lack the most important feature of plants: the ability to use energy from the sun directly through chlorophyll. Mushrooms are saprophytic in nature, its uptake the nutrients from dead organic matter.

•      Mushrooms are macro fungi with characteristic fruiting bodies which are large enough to be seen with naked eyes and picked by hands.

•      During its growth, a mushroom can decompose organic materials and absorb nutrients from it.

•  Mushrooms can be a good source of protein which contains all the essential amino acids. Mushrooms are also high in fiber, rich in vitamins, and low in cholesterol.

•      Mushrooms are commonly used for various dishes in different shapes and forms.

•     The living body of the fungus is mycelium made out of a tiny web of threads (or filaments) called hyphae.

•      Under specific conditions, sexually compatible hyphae will fuse and start to form spores.

•     The larger spore producing structures (bigger than about 1 mm) are called mushrooms.

•      Found under the ground or inside the wood.

•   A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.

•        Parts of mushroom

ü  Cap - The cap of the mushroom is the topmost part and gives the fungi its umbrella-like shape.

ü  Gills - The gills are thin, paper-like structures layered side by side that often hang from the underside of the cap

ü  Spores

ü  Ring

ü  Stem

ü  Volva

ü  Mycelium

ü  Hyphae

•        It has a stem (stipe), a cap (pilus) and gills (lamellae / lamella) on the underside of the cap.

•        A mushroom is described as the “fruiting body of a fungus plant that typically appears above the ground and contains spores”.

•        Mushroom is a saprophytic fungus that grows on dead and decaying organic matter.

•        All mushrooms are fungi, but not all fungi are mushrooms. 

•        Edible mushrooms once called the “food of the gods”.

•        The extractable products from medicinal mushrooms, designed to supplement the human diet not as regular food, but as the enhancement of health and fitness, can be classified into the category of dietary supplements/mushroom nutraceuticals.

•        The spores of mushroom can be detected only by using a microscope. 

•    Examples- Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus), Morels (Morchella angusticeps, esculenta, Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), White Button (Agaricus bisporus), Maitake (Grifola frondosa), Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor), Giant Puffball (Calvatia gigantea), Chicken of the Woods (Laetiporus sulphureus), Enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) and  Black Trumpet (Craterellus cornucopioides).  

 





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